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West Stanley Pit disaster
The West Stanley colliery (variously known as West Stanley pit or Burns pit)was a coal mine near Stanley. The mine opened in 1832 and was closed in 1936. Over the years several seams were worked through four shafts: Kettledrum pit, Lamp pit, Mary pit and New pit. In 1882 an underground explosion killed 13 men and in 1909 another explosion killed 168 men.
== The colliery ==
The colliery extended over an area of . There were a number of seams, some of which were too thin to be economically worked. The seams which were worked in 1876 and 1909 were: Shield Row (6'11" at 39 fathoms), Five Quarter (4'0" at 52½ fathoms), Brass Thill (5'0" at 62 fathoms), Low Main (4'6" at 93 fathoms), Hutton (3'9" at 97 fathoms), Towneley (4'5" at 123 fathoms), Busty (10'1" at 139 fathoms) and Brockwell (2'0" at 163 fathoms).
Two of the pits: Busty pit (also known as the New pit) and the Lamp shaft were sunk the full distance. Before 1882 they had both reached the Busty coal. Between then and 1902 they were deepened to reach the Brockwell seam. Subsequently the Busty shaft was further deepened to reach the Victoria coal (2'1" at 170 fathoms) but this coal was only worked for the last few years of the mine's life. The other two pits (Kettledrum and Mary) were the first pits and were only sunk to the Hutton seam. Unaccountably Morley claims only one of these pits reached the Hutton coal, the other stopped short at the Shield Row. The Durham Mining Museum states both reached the Hutton coal, supported by documents from the North of England Institute of Mining & Mechanical Engineers. Since 1862 collieries have been required by law to have at least two pits reaching any seams being worked, see Hartley Colliery disaster.
The Busty pit was the downcast pit, that is the pit down which air passes to ventilate the workings. The Lamp pit was the upcast pit, that is the one up which the air passes. At the time of both disasters the ventilation was by induced draft provided by 30 (later 35) foot diameter fan. Coal was drawn up the Busty shaft from the Busty and Hutton seams in 1882. By 1909 only the Busty level was serviced directly: coal was lowered down a staple from the Towneley and down a drift from the Tilley. Because mechanical ventilation was used (rather than the earlier furnace system), coal could be drawn up the upcast. In 1882 the Low Main and Shield Row coals were serviced by the Lamp shaft, in 1909 only the Brockwell coal was raised this way.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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